How an exhaust heat muff works — cold ram air enters the shroud around the hot exhaust pipe, picks up heat, and exits through a butterfly valve into the cabin.
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Data sources used for calibration
📍 Bonanza / exhaust muff — 0°F OAT → 30°F floor (Aviation Consumer)
📍 Titan Tornado / Jabiru — 30°F OAT → 60°F cabin (pilot report)